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Location:
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Central Europe, southeast of Germany
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Geographic coordinates:
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49 45 N, 15 30 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 78,866 sq km
land: 77,276 sq km
water: 1,590 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than South Carolina
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,989 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 815 km, Poland 615 km, Slovakia 197 km
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked)
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked)
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Climate:
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temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
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Terrain:
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Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Elbe River 115 m
highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
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Natural resources:
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hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
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Land use:
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arable land: 38.82%
permanent crops: 3%
other: 58.18% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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240 sq km (2003)
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Total renewable water resources:
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16 cu km (2005)
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Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 1.91 cu km/yr (41%/57%/2%)
per capita: 187 cu m/yr (2002)
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Natural hazards:
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flooding
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Environment - current issues:
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air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
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